Bamboo Farming – The successful side business opportunity for farmers

Indian farmers who is not actually a farmer but wanted to start successful venture for some additional income source from their farm, Bamboo farming is an innovative option. Recently Gadkari Ji also announced some really great policies for Bamboo farming. As Bamboo can be used in construction, Textile, Furniture, Biofuel, etc.

Shri Gadkari said that bamboo has potential to be used as an alternative to coal and can also be used in construction. It can be easy replacement for some of daily use products like plastic toothbrush with Bamboo Toothbrush. Shri Gadkari said that use of jute and coir mattresses is soon going to be made mandatory for all NHAI roads. He advocated varied use of traditional materials like jute, coir and bamboo by developing them further. Shri Gadkari expressed hope that, with integrated efforts from all stakeholders, bamboo industry in India will be worth 25-30 thousand crore rupees. Technologically proven, cost effective and attractive product designing can establish and promote the use and demand of bamboo, which will encourage people to go for bamboo plantation.

For Indian farmers seeking a pioneering and sustainable agricultural venture, bamboo farming emerges as an innovative solution. With its remarkable versatility and rapid growth, bamboo has surged in popularity owing to its eco-conscious attributes and myriad applications, spanning from construction materials to furniture and textiles.

In this comprehensive article, we will touch base on essentials of bamboo farming in India, covering an array of topics from species selection and cultivation techniques to business planning and market dynamics.

The readers will gain profound insights into the immense potential of bamboo farming and useful links to leverage government policies.

Benefits:

• Indian Government is subsidizing Bamboo farming with National Bamboo Mission
  • Read about it here – National Bamboo Mission (da.gov.in)
• Bamboo belongs to Grass family, and it is very fastest growing plants as it is observed as some species can grow up to 90 cm in 24 hours.
• Low investment high return’s plant.
• Can be Used in various industries like Furniture, Paper mill, Construction, Biofuel, Household products, etc. So, it is very easy to search consumer of Bamboo.
• Easy to grow as it belongs to Grass family it only need some attention and water that’s it. Even people who don’t have farming background can grow a very good quality bamboo by using advance irrigation techniques.
  • Read more about advanced irrigation techniques – Smart Irrigation Solutions: Water Management Meets Technology – ASPAGrow
• The inter space can be used during first 3 years for earning some extra income by growing inter crops such as ginger, chilies or turmeric.
• Farmer can use Bamboo tree for fensing to protect crop or other fruits from wind as Bamboo tree is the best wind barriers for your crops as you can also harvest it and make profits. 
• The Shoots are edible.

How to Grow:

• Species/Type/Varieties of Bamboo
  • Manvel
    
  • Bambusa Balcooa
    
  • Brandisii
    
  • Manga
    
  • Katang
    
  • Nutans
    
  • Asper
    
  • Tulda
    
• Land Preparation
  • A prior survey must be done before site preparation to roughly estimate the labour and other resources needed. The site should be cleared of shrubs, bushes, weeds, and other grasses, which compete for nutrients and moisture from bamboo. Sparsely distributed trees may be retained to provide protection and shade.
  • Ploughing of land must be deep and thorough. Churning rearranges the layers of the soil and improves its quality. Both ploughing and clearing must be done three weeks before planting. This provides weathering of the churned soil. Fly ash could be used as a soil enricher and conditioner in bamboo plantations, hence a beneficial soil amendment.
  • Sufficient protection measures through fencing are needed to prevent grazing by domesticated animals and trampling by humans and animals when the plants are young and culms immature. Similarly, necessary fire protection measures are also important. For this clearing of all kinds of shrubs, grass, and other vegetation must be done at least 5-m range around the site to form a fire break.
• Whether and soil requirements
  • Soil: Sandy loam to clay loam soil is the ideal type due to its porosity, fertility, and water/moisture-holding capacity with at least a soil depth of 30–45 cm. Highly compact or sticky or clayey soil, rocky, and extremely sandy soils are not as suitable.
  • Light requirements: Bamboo needs direct sunlight for rapid growth and hence open area with direct sunlight is preferred or in locations with sparse canopy (<10%).
  • Drainage/ water inundation: Well-drained area is ideal for raising plantations and it can survive only flash floods.
  • Topography: Flat land and gentle slopes are best suited.
• Fertilizer Requirement
  • Your fertilizing program must match with the growth cycle of the bamboo plant. The correct time to use the best fertilizer for bamboo is when you notice first growth, during spring when culms (canes) grow. The second phase of the growth begins in summer when the culms grow quickly. Feed the plant at the first growth in spring with a high-nitrogen fertilizer, following with the second schedule in summer.
  • In summer, use a balanced fertilizer in a ratio of 10-10-10, with a dose of 1 pound for 80-100 square feet. If you live in a region with warm frost-free winters, provide your bamboo plant the third feeding after 3-4 months of the previous one.
• Irrigation Requirement
  • Bamboo, while known for its resilience and ability to thrive in diverse conditions, still requires adequate water to grow optimally. The irrigation requirements for bamboo largely depend on factors such as the species, climate, soil type, and stage of growth. Here’s a breakdown of the irrigation needs for bamboo:
  • Establishment Phase: During the initial establishment phase, newly planted bamboo requires regular watering to promote root development and encourage growth. It’s essential to keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Depending on the climate and soil moisture retention, this may require watering several times a week, especially during dry periods.
  • Maturation Phase: Once bamboo plants are established, they typically require less frequent watering. However, during periods of drought or extended dry spells, supplemental irrigation may be necessary to prevent stress and maintain healthy growth. Deep watering less frequently is preferable to shallow, frequent watering, as it encourages deeper root growth and drought resistance.
  • Seasonal Variations: Bamboo’s water requirements may fluctuate with the seasons. In hot, dry weather, bamboo may need more frequent watering to prevent dehydration and maintain vigorous growth. Conversely, during cooler, wetter seasons, irrigation needs may decrease as natural rainfall provides sufficient moisture.
  • Soil and Drainage: The type of soil and drainage conditions also influence bamboo’s irrigation needs. Well-drained soil with good water retention properties is ideal for bamboo cultivation. Sandy soils may require more frequent watering, while clay soils may retain moisture for longer periods, reducing the need for irrigation.
  • Watering Techniques: Drip irrigation or soaker hoses are recommended for bamboo irrigation, as they deliver water directly to the root zone while minimizing water wastage. Avoid overhead sprinklers, as they can promote fungal diseases and waste water through evaporation.
  • Mulching: Applying a layer of organic mulch around bamboo plants can help conserve soil moisture, reduce evaporation, and suppress weed growth. Mulching also improves soil structure and fertility over time, benefiting bamboo growth and reducing irrigation needs.
  • Overall, while bamboo is relatively tolerant of drought and waterlogging, providing consistent and adequate water is essential for optimal growth and productivity. By understanding the irrigation requirements of bamboo and adapting watering practices accordingly, farmers can ensure healthy, thriving bamboo crops.
• Pest and Disease control:
  • Regular Inspection: Regular monitoring of bamboo plants is essential to detect pest and disease problems early. Inspect the leaves, stems, and roots for any signs of damage, discoloration, or abnormal growth.
  • Cultural Practices: Practicing good cultural techniques can help prevent pest and disease issues. This includes proper spacing of plants to promote airflow, maintaining healthy soil fertility, and avoiding overwatering, which can lead to fungal diseases.
  • Biological Control: Introducing natural predators or parasites of bamboo pests can help control infestations without the use of harmful chemicals. Ladybugs, predatory mites, and certain nematodes are examples of beneficial organisms that can help keep pest populations in check.
  • Mechanical Control: Handpicking pests such as caterpillars, aphids, and beetles can be effective for small-scale infestations. Pruning affected plant parts and disposing of them properly can also help prevent the spread of diseases.
  • Neem Oil: Neem oil, derived from the neem tree, is a natural insecticide and fungicide that can be used to control a wide range of pests and diseases in bamboo. It works by disrupting the growth and development of insect larvae and inhibiting fungal spore germination.
  • Horticultural Oils: Horticultural oils, such as mineral oil or insecticidal soap, can be applied to bamboo plants to suffocate and kill soft-bodied pests like aphids, scale insects, and spider mites. Ensure thorough coverage of the plant, including the undersides of leaves where pests often hide.
  • Fungicides: In cases of fungal diseases such as powdery mildew or rust, fungicides may be necessary to control the spread of the infection. Copper-based fungicides are commonly used in bamboo cultivation and can help prevent further damage to the plants.
  • Quarantine Measures: If introducing new bamboo plants into an existing plantation, it’s essential to quarantine them first to prevent the spread of pests and diseases. Inspect new plants carefully and keep them isolated from existing plantings until they are deemed pest and disease-free.
  • Sanitation: Maintaining cleanliness in and around the bamboo plantation can help prevent the buildup of pests and diseases. Remove fallen leaves and plant debris regularly, as these can harbor pests and provide a breeding ground for pathogens.

Ideal Approximate Economic Calculation:

Engaging in bamboo cultivation can yield profitable returns for farmers, albeit requiring significant investment of time and resources over a span of approximately five years before tangible results emerge. The financial gains from bamboo farming are subject to fluctuation, influenced by factors such as the geographic location and quality of the bamboo produce.

According to findings from the National Bamboo Mission, the average profit per acre from bamboo farming in India typically ranges between ₹30,000 to ₹50,000. However, certain farmers have reported earning as much as ₹1 lakh per acre through successful bamboo cultivation ventures. Notably, bamboo farming endeavors in Madhya Pradesh have shown exceptional profitability, with select farmers even achieving profits of up to ₹2 lakh per acre.

Where to Sell:

In India, there are various avenues for selling bamboo, catering to both domestic and international markets. Here are some common channels:

1. Local Markets and Mandis:
   Farmers can sell bamboo directly to local markets or mandis (wholesale markets) in their vicinity. These markets typically cater to nearby communities and industries requiring bamboo for construction, handicrafts, and other purposes.
2. Government Agencies and Institutions:
   Government agencies such as the Forest Department or State Bamboo Development Boards often procure bamboo from farmers for various development projects, research initiatives, and welfare programs. Farmers can explore selling bamboo to these agencies through designated procurement processes.
3. Bamboo Cooperatives:
   Joining or establishing bamboo cooperatives can provide farmers with collective bargaining power and access to larger markets. These cooperatives facilitate bulk sales of bamboo to industries, exporters, and government agencies, ensuring better prices and market access for members.
4. Direct Sales to Industries:
   Bamboo is used in diverse industries such as construction, furniture manufacturing, paper and pulp, and textiles. Farmers can establish direct relationships with industries in need of bamboo raw materials and supply them with quality bamboo poles, culms, or other products.
5. Export Market:
   India has a growing export market for bamboo and bamboo products. Farmers can explore exporting bamboo poles, handicrafts, furniture, and other value-added products to international markets. Export promotion councils and trade associations can provide guidance and support in accessing export markets.
6. Online Platforms:
   With the advent of e-commerce, online platforms offer farmers the opportunity to reach a wider audience and sell bamboo products directly to consumers. Farmers can list their products on e-commerce websites specializing in handicrafts, home decor, or eco-friendly products.
   • You can sell Bamboo Toothbrush if you tied up with Bamboo processing factories.
7. Agroforestry Projects and Afforestation Programs:
   Many agroforestry projects and afforestation programs incorporate bamboo as part of their initiatives. Farmers can participate in such projects and sell bamboo harvested from their plantations to project organizers or associated industries.
8. Bamboo Fairs and Exhibitions:
   Participating in bamboo fairs, exhibitions, and trade shows provides farmers with exposure to potential buyers, including retailers, wholesalers, and individual consumers interested in bamboo products. These events also offer networking opportunities and insights into market trends.

Government Policies:

In India, several government policies and initiatives are aimed at promoting bamboo cultivation, supporting bamboo farmers, and harnessing the economic and environmental potential of bamboo. Here are some key government policies related to bamboo farming:

1. National Bamboo Mission (NBM): Launched in 2006, the National Bamboo Mission aims to promote holistic development of the bamboo sector, including cultivation, processing, marketing, and research. The mission provides financial assistance, technical support, and capacity-building initiatives to bamboo farmers and stakeholders.
2. Bamboo Development Agencies (BDAs): Several states have established Bamboo Development Agencies to oversee the implementation of bamboo-related policies and programs at the state level. These agencies coordinate activities such as bamboo plantation, resource mapping, market development, and skill development.
3. Forest Rights Act (FRA) and Community Forest Rights (CFR): The Forest Rights Act of 2006 recognizes the rights of forest-dwelling communities, including tribal and indigenous groups, to access and manage forest resources. Under this act, communities can obtain Community Forest Rights (CFR) for bamboo forests, enabling them to engage in sustainable bamboo cultivation and harvesting.
4. Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 Amendment: In 2017, the government amended the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 to exclude bamboo from the definition of trees. This amendment allows non-forest dwellers to undertake bamboo cultivation on private land without requiring prior permission from forest authorities, facilitating private investment in bamboo farming.
5. Agroforestry Policies: Various state governments have introduced agroforestry policies that promote integrated farming systems involving bamboo cultivation. These policies encourage farmers to adopt agroforestry practices, including bamboo plantation, as a means of enhancing farm productivity and income.
6. Research and Development Initiatives: Government agencies such as the Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education (ICFRE) and Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) conduct research and development activities to improve bamboo varieties, cultivation techniques, and value addition. These initiatives aim to enhance productivity, quality, and market competitiveness of Indian bamboo.
7. Financial Support Schemes: The government offers various financial support schemes for bamboo cultivation, including subsidies for planting material, land development, irrigation, and infrastructure. Additionally, credit facilities and insurance schemes are available to bamboo farmers through banks and financial institutions.
8. Export Promotion: The government promotes the export of bamboo and bamboo products through initiatives such as the Merchandise Exports from India Scheme (MEIS) and Export Promotion Councils. These efforts aim to tap into international markets and increase earnings for bamboo farmers and exporters.

National Bamboo Scheme:

Link: National Bamboo Mission (da.gov.in)

The National Bamboo Mission (NBM) is a centrally sponsored scheme launched by the Government of India to promote holistic development of the bamboo sector across the country. Here are the key details of the National Bamboo Mission:

1. Objective: The primary objective of the National Bamboo Mission is to promote the cultivation, processing, and marketing of bamboo to enhance livelihood opportunities for rural communities, particularly in forest areas.
2. Implementation: The National Bamboo Mission is implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India, in collaboration with state governments, forest departments, research institutions, NGOs, and other stakeholders.
3. Components: The mission comprises several components aimed at addressing various aspects of bamboo cultivation and utilization, including:
   • Area-based expansion of bamboo plantations
   • Promotion of bamboo-based livelihood activities
   • Establishment of bamboo processing units and infrastructure development
   • Research and development in bamboo cultivation, processing, and product development
   • Capacity building, training, and skill development for bamboo growers and stakeholders
4. Financial Assistance: Under the National Bamboo Mission, financial assistance is provided to farmers, entrepreneurs, and organizations engaged in bamboo-related activities. This includes subsidies for planting material, land development, irrigation, infrastructure, machinery, and equipment.
   Check Financial at: NBM_Plantation_Scheme.pdf (vanshahplantation.com)
   
   Contacts: Refer – Maharashtra Bamboo Development Board (vanshahplantation.com)
   
   
   
5. Target Areas: The National Bamboo Mission focuses on bamboo-growing states and regions across India, with priority given to states with significant bamboo resources and potential for bamboo cultivation. These states include Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Tripura, Nagaland, Mizoram, Manipur, Meghalaya, Odisha, Maharashtra, and Madhya Pradesh, among others.
6. Beneficiaries: The beneficiaries of the National Bamboo Mission include farmers, tribal communities, self-help groups, cooperatives, entrepreneurs, and industries involved in bamboo cultivation, processing, and trade.
7. Outcomes: The National Bamboo Mission aims to achieve several outcomes, including:
   • Increase in bamboo plantation area and productivity
   • Promotion of bamboo-based livelihood opportunities and income generation for rural communities
   • Development of bamboo-based industries and value chains
   • Conservation and sustainable management of bamboo resources
   • Integration of bamboo cultivation with agroforestry and afforestation initiatives

Overall, the National Bamboo Mission plays a crucial role in promoting sustainable bamboo farming practices, enhancing rural livelihoods, and harnessing the economic and environmental potential of bamboo in India.

Eligibility of beneficiary of National Bamboo Mission:

The scheme is applicable to all farmers in India